![]() The cp DNA genome Sequencing can support knowledge for researching the molecular evolutionary, RNA Editing, population genetics, and transplastomic studies. The chloroplast DNA shows maternal inheritance in most plant species, less recombination and has a slow rate of evolution, which is substantially different from the nuclear genome that has been widely applied in evolutionary relationships at the taxonomic level in plants. Apart from its quadripartite structure, about 100–130 genes were included in chloroplast genome, and therefore the performance in their composition and arrangement are very conservative. In angiosperms, the most complete cp genome sizes range from 120 to 160 kb. The chloroplast genome typically has a quadripartite organization, with a LSC region, a SSC region and two identical copies of IR regions. The availability of the complete chloroplast genome using genomics methods is reported here and provides reliable genetic information for future exploration on the taxonomy and phylogenetic evolution of the Malus and related species.Ĭhloroplasts are important organelles involved in photosynthesis, supplying the indispensable energy for plant growth and development. A phylogenetic analysis, based on 26 chloroplast genomes using the maximum likelihood (ML) method, indicates that M. Comparisons of the IR boundaries of nine Malus complete chloroplast genomes presented slight variations at IR/SC boundaries regions. In addition, a total of 49 long repeats were identified, including 24 forward repeats, 21 palindromic repeats, and four reverse repeats. A total of 96 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, most of them were found to be mononucleotide repeats composed of A/T. The overall nucleotide composition is 36.6% CG. It contains 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and four ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). hupehensis cp genome is 160,065 bp in size, containing a large single copy region (LSC) of 88,166 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 19,193 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,353 bp. In this study, the whole chloroplast (cp) genome of Malus hupehensis, using a Hiseq X Ten sequencing platform, is reported. This species has received more and more attention, due to its important medicinal, and excellent ornamental and economical, values. Malus hupehensis belongs to the Malus genus (Rosaceae) and is an indigenous wild crabapple of China.
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